The Arkansas State Senate is the upper branch of the Arkansas General Assembly. The Senate consists of 35 members, each representing a district with about 83,000 people. Service in the state legislature is part-time, and many state senators have full-time jobs during the rest of the year. During the current term, the Senate contains twenty-nine Republicans and six Democrats.

History

The Arkansas Senate was created and re-created by the Arkansas Constitution ratified on January 30, 1836. It is now governed by the fifth and current constitution of Arkansas adopted in 1874.[1]

During the Reconstruction era after the American Civil War, the federal government passed the Reconstruction Acts and enfranchised African Americans. Many African Americans served in the Arkansas House and a smaller number in the Arkansas Senate (African-American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era) until Democrats reasserted white supremacy and barred them from voting and holding office as was done across the American south.

In 1947, the Arkansas Legislative Council committee was created to collect data for legislators and oversee the Bureau of Legislative Research, which is composed of professional, nonpartisan staff to aid in the legislative process. The committee consists of 36 legislators, 16 of which are state senators.[2]

In 1964, Dorathy M. Allen became the first woman elected to the Arkansas Senate.[3] During her time in office, she was the only woman in the Arkansas Senate.[4]

Legislators met biennially until a 2008 ballot initiative created annual legislative sessions.[2] In 1992, voters approved term limits of two four-year terms.[2] In 2014, term limits were extended to 16 years cumulative in either house. In 2020, voters approved a constitutional amendment changing terms limits to 12 consecutive years with the opportunity to return after a 4-year break.[5] This change only affects legislators elected after the November 2020 elections. Legislators elected in the November 2020 elections or earlier can serve 16 years consecutively or non-consecutively and return once 4 years have passed from their last term expiring.

Powers and process

Arkansas state senators are responsible for making and amending the laws of Arkansas in collaboration with the Arkansas House of Representatives and the governor. Senators begin the legislative process by submitting bill requests to the staff of the Bureau of Legislative Research that drafts a bill to conform to the author's intent. Bills are then filed with the Secretary of the Arkansas Senate or an assistant secretary of the Arkansas Senate.[6] The legislative process during the legislative session mirrors that of other state legislatures in the United States. Bills are introduced on First Reading and assigned to a committee, vetted by the committee, undergo Second and Third Readings on the floor of the Senate, go to the opposite house of the legislature, and return or go directly to the governor. The governor has veto power, but two-thirds of the membership of both houses of the legislature can override that veto.[6]

State senators are also responsible for approving the governor's appointments and 16 members of the Arkansas Senate serve on the Arkansas Legislative Council and the Joint Auditing Committee.[6] The Arkansas Legislative Council oversees the Bureau of Legislative Research, which provides professional support services for legislators.[2] It also acts as an organizing committee and members of the council exert a greater degree of influence over the legislative process and outcome.[2]

Terms and qualifications

The senators are usually elected for four-year terms. After the U.S. Census every ten years, all Senate districts are redrawn to ensure that they each have approximately the same number of constituents. After redistricting, every senate position appears on the ballot in the next election. Following this, senators draw lots, and 18 are allotted a two-year term while 17 receive a four-year term. This staggers elections so that only half the body is up for re-election every two years.

Two-year terms drawn by a senator after reapportionment do not count against a senator's service under the term limits amendment, which limits Arkansas state senators to two terms of four years. A senator who draws a two-year term can serve for 10 or even 12 years, depending on when they were elected.

Arkansas Constitution – Article 5. Legislative Department. § 3. Senate.
The Senate shall consist of members to be chosen every four years, by the qualified electors of the several districts. At the first session of the Senate, the Senators shall divide themselves into two classes, by lot, and the first class shall hold their places for two years only, after which all shall be elected for four years.

They are also limited to serving no more than two four-year terms.

Arkansas Constitution – Amendment 73. Arkansas Term Limitation Amendment. § 2(b). Legislative Branch.
The Arkansas Senate shall consist of members to be chosen every four years by the qualified electors of the several districts. No member of the Arkansas Senate may serve more than two such four-year terms.

Current composition

Composition of the Arkansas State Senate after the 2020 elections.
  Democratic Party
  Republican Party
  Independent
Composition of the Arkansas State Senate after the 2022 elections.
  Republican party
  Democratic Party


629
DemocraticRepublican
AffiliationParty
(Shading indicates majority caucus)
Total
DemocraticRepublicanIndependentVacant
End of 88th General Assembly (2012)20150350
Begin 89th General Assembly (2013)14210350
End of 89th General Assembly (2014)13220
Begin 90th General Assembly (2015)11240350
End of 90th General Assembly (2016)0
Begin 91st General Assembly (2017)9260350
November 15, 2017[7]250341
November 16, 2017[8]240332
February 9, 2018[9]230323
June 19, 2018[10]250341
Begin 93rd General Assembly (2021)7271350
Begin 94th General Assembly (2023)6290350
Latest voting share17%83%0%

Organization

The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Arkansas Senate, but the President Pro Tempore is the presiding officer in the absence of the Senate president.[6] In practice, the President Pro Tempore generally serves as the presiding officer. Other Senate leadership positions include Majority leader, Whip and minority party positions. Committee assignments are determined by seniority, according to the rules of the Senate.[6]

Officers

OfficeOfficerPartyDistrict
President/Lieutenant GovernorLeslie RutledgeRepublicanN/A
President Pro Tempore of the SenateBart Hester[11]Republican33
Assistant Pro Tempore, 1st DistrictDan SullivanRepublican20
Assistant Pro Tempore, 2nd DistrictClarke TuckerDemocrat14
Assistant Pro Tempore, 3rd DistrictJim DotsonRepublican34
Assistant Pro Tempore, 4th DistrictBreanne DavisRepublican25

Floor Leaders

OfficeOfficer[12]PartyDistrict
Majority LeaderBlake JohnsonRepublican21
Majority WhipRicky HillRepublican11
Minority LeaderGreg LedingDemocratic30
Minority WhipLinda ChesterfieldDemocratic12

Committees

Current committees include:[13]

  • Agriculture, Forestry & Economic Development
    • Senate Small Business & Economic Development
    • Senate Forestry & Natural Resources
  • Ar Legislative Council
  • Children And Youth Committee
    • Senate Children & Youth Subcommittee
  • City, County & Local Affairs Committee
  • Education Committee
    • Public School Employee Health Insurance Subcommittee
    • Ar Comprehensive School Improvement Plans
  • Insurance & Commerce
    • Senate Financial Institutions Subcommittee
  • Judiciary Committee
    • Senate Health Services Subcom. (Synthetic Marijuana-K2)
    • Senate Court And Civil Law Subcommittee
    • Senate Correction, Criminal Law & Child Support Subcom.
  • Public Health - Senate Subcommittee On Minority Health
  • Public Health - Senate Substance Abuse Treatment Services Subcommittee
  • Public Health, Welfare And Labor Committee
    • Senate Labor & Environment Subcommittee
    • Senate Human Services Subcommittee
    • Senate Health Services
  • Revenue & Tax
    • Senate Subcommittee On Economic And Tax Policy
    • Senate Sales, Use, Misc. Taxes & Exepmtions Sub.
  • Senate Biennial Institute
  • Senate Efficiency
  • Senate Rules, Resolutions & Memorials
    • Winthrop Rockefeller Memorial Subcommittee
  • State Agencies & Govt'L Affairs
    • Senate Election Laws Subcommittee
    • State Agencies & Gov'T Affairs - Senate Constitutional Issues Subcommittee
  • State Agencies & Govt'L Affairs - Senate Sub. On Cosmetology Board Rules
  • Transportation, Technology & Legislative Affairs
    • Senate Waterways & Aeronautics Subcommittee
    • Senate Motor Vehicle & Highways Subcommittee

Current Senators

DistrictNamePartyResidenceFirst electedSeat upTerm-limited
1Ben GilmoreRepCrossett202020242036
2Matt StoneRepCamden202220262038
3Steve CrowellRepMagnolia202220242038
4Jimmy Hickey Jr.RepTexarkana201220242028
5Terry RiceRepWaldron201420242030
6Matt McKeeRepPearcy202220242038
7Alan ClarkRepLonsdale201220262028
8Stephanie FlowersDemPine Bluff201020242026
9Reginald MurdockDemMarianna201020262026
10Ron CaldwellRepWynne201220262028
11Ricky HillRepCabot2018 (special)20262034
12Linda ChesterfieldDemLittle Rock201020242026
13Jane EnglishRepNorth Little Rock201220262028
14Clarke TuckerDemLittle Rock201420262032
15Fredrick LoveDemMabelvale201020262026
16Kim HammerRepBenton201820262034
17Mark JohnsonRepLittle Rock201820242034
18Jonathan DismangRepBeebe201020242026
19David WallaceRepLeachville201620242032
20Dan SullivanRepJonesboro201420242030
21Blake JohnsonRepCorning201420262030
22John PaytonRepWilburn201220242028
23Scott FlippoRepMountain Home201420242030
24Missy IrvinRepMountain View201020262026
25Breanne DavisRepRussellville2018 (special)20242034
26Gary StubblefieldRepBranch201220242028
27Justin BoydRepFort Smith201420262030
28Bryan KingRepGreen Forest201320262034
29Jim PettyRepVan Buren202220242038
30Greg LedingDemFayetteville201820262034
31Clint PenzoRepSpringdale201620262032
32Joshua P. BryantRepRogers202020262036
33Bart HesterRepCave Springs201220242028
34Jim DotsonRepBentonville201220242028
35Tyler DeesRepSiloam Springs202220262038


Past composition of the Senate

See also

References

  1. ^ Arkansas General Assembly, Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture (accessed April 28, 2013)
  2. ^ a b c d e Arkansas Legislative Council, Encyclopedia of Arkansas History and Culture (accessed April 28, 2013)
  3. ^ Smith, Lindsley Armstrong (October 29, 2009). "Dorathy N. McDonald Allen". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  4. ^ Johnson, Ben (July 15, 2009). "Modern Era, 1968 through the Present". The Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture. Central Arkansas Library System. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  5. ^ "Issue 2 - Arkansas Term Limits Amendment". University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Research & Extension. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d e 2013 Senate Rules, Arkansas Senate (accessed April 27, 2013)
  7. ^ Peppas, Jeremy (November 20, 2017). "Cabot: Governor sets special election to fill Senate seat". Lonoke News. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  8. ^ Lanning, Curt (November 17, 2017). "State Sen. Greg Standridge Dead at 50". ARKANSASMATTERS. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
  9. ^ Wilson, Kristen (January 30, 2018). "Sen. Jake Files sends resignation letter to governor". KATV.
  10. ^ "State's 2 newest senators sworn in". Arkansas Online. June 20, 2018.
  11. ^ Wickline, Michael R. (January 9, 2023). "Arkansas Senate elects Hester as president pro tempore; Shepherd elected House speaker for 3rd time". Arkansas Online. Retrieved January 17, 2023.
  12. ^ Herzog, Rachel; Moritz, John; Wickline, Michael R. (January 12, 2021). "Arkansas lawmakers gather, take first actions of session". Arkansas Democrat-Gazette. Little Rock, Arkansas: WEHCO Media. Retrieved February 7, 2021.
  13. ^ "Arkansas Senate Committees". Open States. Sunlight Foundation. April 9, 2014. Retrieved April 9, 2014.

External links

34°44′48″N 92°17′21″W / 34.7467387°N 92.2892220°W / 34.7467387; -92.2892220